The Effect of Farming Management and Crop Rotation Systems on Chlorophyll Content, Dry Matter Translocation, and Grain Quantity and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown in a Semi-Arid Region of Iran

To find suitable farming management approaches in the semi-arid climate of Iran, we set up an experiment combining three farm practices with four crop rotation systems over growing seasons (two winter and two summer seasons), from 2018 to 2020. The comprised: intensive (IF, inorganic inputs, removal residues soil, weeds chemically controlled), organic (OF, a return 30% mechanically integrated (INT, mineral/organic 15% weed control). were: fallow-wheat (F-W), maize-wheat (M-W), sesame-wheat (S-W), mung bean-wheat (B-W). Treatment effects were assessed by chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic parameters, wheat grain quality quantity measurements. All first second year resulted increases total Chl content post-anthesis photosynthesis (PAP). under INT was improved through greater increase Chl-b compared Chl-a. Dry matter remobilisation (DMR) higher than IF. highest (39) lowest (23) number per spike obtained IF B-W OF F-W, respectively. produced yield (541.4 g m−2). protein contents inputs that optimum level despite 50% reduction chemical this achieved fast absorption elements at beginning growth, having access—at filling stage—to derived decomposition, utilisation DMR. Our results indicate implementing S-W is promising strategy for region. However, need be further evaluated long-term experiments.